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Renal calculi or Kidney stones are formed when the urine is supersaturated with salt and minerals such as calcium oxalate, struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate), uric acid and cystine.60-80% of stones contain calcium. They may vary in size from small 'gravel-like' stones to large staghorn calculi.
Several factors increase the chances of stone formation-
Other symptoms which may be present include
A few blood tests and urine analysis may be needed. Usually an Ultrasound clinches the diagnosis. While in some cases where ultrasound is not able to show the details about the calculus, Non-contrast CT KUB will be helpful which is now considered as the gold standard investigation.
Initial management may be pain relief. Definitive management will include stone removal, dissolution, ESWL and medical expulsive therapy. Among these options the urologist will help you to choose the best one.
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