Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine. Prevalence of urinary incontinence in entire population ranges upto 45%.

The different types of urinary incontinence include:

• Stress incontinence: involuntary leakage of urine on exertion or sneezing or coughing. This is due to an weak outlet (incompetent sphincter)
• Urge incontinence: involuntary urine leakage preceded by urgency. There is a sudden and compelling desire to urinate that cannot be deferred

• Mixed incontinence: A combination of urge and stress incontinence comprises of mixed incontinence.
• Overflow incontinence: usually seen in chronic bladder outflow obstruction. After bladder has filled completely extra urine over and above the full capacity leaks involuntarily. Overflow incontinence may also be due to a neurogenic bladder.
• True incontinence: may be due to an abnormal connection between urinary tract and its neighbouring structures. There is continuous leakage of urine.

Risk Factors:

• Women – Pregnancy, Prolonged labour, Pelvic surgeries, Pelvic floor weakness,
• UTI
• Constipation – Impacted stools
• Neurological problems
• Obstruction – Examples are BPH in men and Urethral meatal stenosis in women
• Evaluation – Needs to be tailored to each case. Evaluation would range from a simple urinanalysis to advance tests like urodynamics and endourological evaluations depending on the case.

Treatment :

• Medicines – Antimuscarinics
• Physiotherapy – Kegel’s exercise, Pelvic floor strengthening
• Injection Botox
• Biofeedback
• Sacral neuromodulation
• Surgical repair of Pelvic floor / Transobturator taping / Travnsvaginal taping / Bladder capacity enahancemntetc